Perbandingan Efektivitas Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Fentanil, PCA Morfin dan Tramadol Intravena sebagai Analgetik Pasca Operasi Modified Radical Mastectomy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v6i2.392Abstract
Background : Modified Radical Mastectomy often accompanied by moderate to severe post-operative pain. Some patients who received intermitten analgesic combination of tramadol and ketorolac still complaining of pain. PCA is a new method of analgesic administration. The use of PCA fentanyl and PCA morphine is expected to be more effective in the management of MRM post-operative pain.
The aim of study : This study aims to determine the effectivity, side effects and patient satisfaction level between intravenous PCA fentanyl, PCA morphine and tramadol as an analgesic for post-operative MRM.
Methods : Double-blind clinical trial of 36 patients who were scheduled to undergo MRMfulfilled this study criteria. After general anesthesia, the patients were divided into 3 groups of post-operative analgesic treatment: 1) PCA fentanyl group with fentanyl loading dose 50 mcg, demand dose 20 mcg, 10 min interval lockout, 70 mcg/hour dose limit, infusion background 30 mcg/hour; 2) PCA group morphine with morphine loading dose 4 mg, demand dose 1 mg, 10 minute interval lockout, 6 mg/hour limit dose, no background infusion; 3) tramadol group who received intravenous tramadol 100 mg/8 hours. Periodic assessment of NRS score, RASS score, vital signs, side effects and patient satisfaction levels during first 24 hours post-operative. Data analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk followed by Kruskal-Wallis or One Way ANOVA, were considered significant if p<0.05.
Result : PCA fentanyl is the most effective, followed by PCA morphine then tramadol. PCA fentanyl and PCA morphineRASS score are lower than tramadol(p=0,000). Drugs side effects are nausea,vomiting and dizziness which not statistically significant. PCA fentanyl provides the highest patient satisfaction level, while there is no significant differences between PCA morphine and tramadol(p=0,009). Blood pressure, respiratory rate and pulse rate PCA fentanyl and PCA morphine is significantly lower than tramadol group.
Conclusion :PCA fentanyl and PCA morphine are more effective than tramadol. PCA fentanyl providesthe highest patient satisfaction level. Drugs side effects are nausea, vomiting and dizziness which not statistically significant.
Keyword : MRM,PCA fentanil, PCA morfin, tramadol, effectivity, side effects, patient satisfaction level
Latar Belakang : Operasi Modified Radical Mastectomy menimbulkan nyeri derajat sedang hingga berat pasca operasi. Sebagian pasien yang mendapat kombinasi anagetik tramadol dan ketorolak secara berkala, masih mengeluh nyeri. PCA merupakan metode baru pemberian analgetik. Penggunaan PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin diharapkan dapat lebih efektif dalam mengatasi nyeri pasca operasi MRM.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas, efek samping dan tingkat kepuasan pasien antara penggunaan PCA fentanil, PCA morfin dan tramadol intravena sebagai analgetik pasca operasi MRM.
Metode :Dilakukan uji klinis tersamar ganda terhadap 36 pasien rencana operasi MRM yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Setelah dilakukan anestesi umum, pasien dibagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan pemberian analgetik pasca operasi: 1) kelompok PCA fentanil dengan fentanilloading dose 50 mcg, demand dose 20 mcg, lockout interval 10 menit, limit dose70 mcg/jam, background infusion 30 mcg/jam; 2) kelompok PCA morfin denganmorfin loading dose 4 mg, demand dose 1 mg, lockout interval 10 menit, limit dose6 mg/jam, tanpa background infusion; 3)kelompok tramadol yang mendapat tramadol intravena 100 mg/8jam. Dilakukan penilaian berkala skor NRS, RASS, tanda vital, efek samping dan tingkat kepuasan pasien selama 24 jam pasca operasi. Data dianalisa dengan Shapiro-Wilk dilanjutkan Kruskal-Wallis atau One wayANOVA, dianggap bermakna bila p< 0,05.
Hasil :Efektivitas terbaik pada PCA fentanil, diikuti PCA morfin lalu tramadol. Skor RASS PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin lebih rendah dari tramadol (p=0,000). Terdapat efek samping mual, muntah dan dizziness yang secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Tingkat kepuasan pasien tertinggi pada kelompok PCA fentanil, sedangkan antara kelompok PCA morfin dan tramadol tidak berbeda bermakna(p=0,009). Tekanan darah, laju napas dan laju nadi kelompok PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin lebih rendah daripada tramadol.
Simpulan:PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin lebih efektif dibandingkan tramadol. PCA fentanil memberikan tingkat kepuasan pasien yang lebih tinggi dibanding PCA morfin dan tramadol. Terdapat efek samping mual, muntah dan dizziness namun secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna
Kata Kunci : MRM, PCA fentanil, PCA morfin, tramadol, efektivitas, efek samping, tingkat kepuasan pasien
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