Pengaruh Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia terhadap FEV1 (Forced Expired Volume in one second) dan FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) pada Anak Underweight
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v7i2.519Keywords:
Anak underweight, Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia (SSAI)Abstract
Pendahuluan: Indonesia masih mengalami masalah gizi yaitu masih terdapatnya status gizi kurang bahkan gizi buruk. Nutrisi yang rendah atau buruk dapat mengurangi massa otot skeletal dan pernapasan, yang menyebabkan penurunan FVC dan FEV. FVC dan FEV merupakan parameter dari fungsi paru. Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa olahraga dapat meningkatkan fungsi dari sistim pernapasan. Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia (SSAI) merupakan salah satu pilihan olahraga pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh SSAI terhadap FEV1 dan FVC pada anak underweight.
Metoda: Penelitian ini menggunakan one group pre and posttest design. Populasi target adalah 24 anak underweight berusia 9-12 tahun di SDN Tembalang. Dilakukan pemeriksaan FEV1 dan FVC sebelum dan setelah pasien melakukan SSAI. Perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan uji t-berpasangan. Nilai p dianggap bermakna apabila nilai p<0,05.
Hasil: Peningkatan FEV1 (0,66±0,25) liter, FVC (0,22±0,28) liter setelah SSAI berturut-turut p=0,23 dan p=0,71.
Diskusi: Pada SSAI dilakukan gerakan-gerakan senam yang dapat meningkatkan elastisitas paru serta memperkuat otot-otot pernapasan sehingga meningkatkan volume udara yang dapat diambil saat bernapas. Peningkatan nilai FVC dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan volume dan elastisitas paru-paru. FEV1, FEV bervariasi dan tergantung dari otot pernapasan. Pada penelitian ini walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik namun dalam rerata nilai FEV1 dan FVC terdapat peningkatan setelah SSAI. Hal ini mungkin dikarenakan frekuensi senam yang digunakan adalah frekuensi yang paling minimal yaitu 2 kali per minggu.
Simpulan: SSAI 2 kali per minggu selama 6 minggu sebagai salah satu pilihan olahraga pada anak underweight usia 9-12 tahun namun dalam penelitian ini tidak didapatkan peningkatan bermakna pada FEV1 dan FVC. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut menggunakan frekuensi latihan yang lebih banyak dan durasi yang lebih panjang serta menggunakan kelompok kontrol.
Kata kunci: Anak underweight; Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1); Forced Vital Capacity (FVC); Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia (SSAI)
Introduction: Indonesia is still facing nutritional problems, the presence of low nutritional status and even poor nutrition. Low or poor nutrition can reduce skeletal and respiratory muscle mass, which causes a decrease in FVC and FEV. FVC and FEV are parameters of lung function. Previous research suggests that exercise can improve the function of the respiratory system. Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia (SSAI) is one of the sports for children. This study aims to analyze the effect of SSAI on FEV1 and FVC in underweight children.
Method: The design of this study was one group pre and post test design. The target population was underweight children at Tembalang Elementary School. FEV1 and FVC were examined before and after the patient underwent SSAI. Difference before and after treatment using paired t-test. The p value is considered significant if the p value <0.05.
Results: There was no significant increase of FEV1 (0.66 ± 0.25) liters, FVC (0.22 ± 0.28) liters after SSAI with p= 0.23 and p = 0.71, respectively.
Discussion: At SSAI, gymnastic movements are performed that can increase lung elasticity and strengthen breathing muscles, thereby increasing the volume of air that can be taken while breathing. Increased FVC is caused by an increase in lung volume and elasticity. FEV1, FEV varies and depends on the respiratory muscles. In weak expiratory muscles, a person's ability to expiration rapidly decrease and also the FEV1.FVC index. The mean of FEV1 and FVC values ??after SSAI increased but were not significant. In this study, although not statistically significant, the mean values ??of FEV1 and FVC were increased after SSAI. This may be due to the frequency of gymnastics used is the most minimal frequency of 2 times per week.
Conclusion: SSAI twice per week for 6 weeks as one of the exercise choices in underweight children aged 9-12 years but in this study no significant increase in FEV1 and FVC was found. Further research is needed using more exercise frequency and longer duration and using a control group.Keywords: Underweight children; Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1); Forced Vital Capacity (FVC); Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia (SSAI)
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