Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pada Wanita Hamil dan Bayi: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v7i1A.476Keywords:
COVID-19, janin, kehamilan, SARS-CoV-2, transmisiAbstract
LATAR BELAKANG: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan gangguan saluran pernapasan akut yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2 dan telah menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia. COVID-19 telah menjangkit seluruh penduduk dunia tidak terkecuali wanita hamil. Kerentanan wanita hamil terhadap infeksi menjadi latar belakang perlunya studi tentang pengaruh COVID-19 baik pada ibu, janin, maupun bayi yang dilahirkan.
TUJUAN: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus COVID-19 pada ibu hamil, potensi transmisi vertikal, ada tidaknya asam nukleat SARS-CoV-2 pada ASI, pengaruh COVID-19 pada perkembangan janin, serta pengobatan ibu hamil dengan COVID-19.
METODE: Studi ini mengulas dan membandingkan sumber dari artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, dan review dari jurnal internasional bereputasi.
HASIL: Sebagian besar kasus COVID-19 yang ditemukan pada wanita hamil adalah tergolong kasus ringan, adanya transmisi vertikal yang rendah dibuktikan dari hasil tes sampel ibu dan bayi, minimnya kasus spontaneous abortus, kelahiran bayi prematur, kematian bayi, serta gangguan perkembangan. ASI dari ibu hamil positif COVID-19 juga cukup aman diberikan pada bayi dikarenakan kasus positif asam nukleat SARS-CoV-2 sangat minim ditemukan.
KESIMPULAN: Berdasarkan studi yang komprehensif, COVID-19 pada ibu hamil sejauh ini masih cukup terkendali. Namun demikian perlu adanya tes yang menyeluruh sebab setiap individu memiliki kondisi yang berbeda satu dengan lainnya.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, janin, kehamilan, SARS-CoV-2, transmisi
BACKGROUND: Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory tract caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has become a pandemic worldwide. COVID-19 has gathered the entire world population including pregnant women. The vulnerability of pregnant women to infections is become the background was to know the effect of COVID-19 both on the mother, fetus, and baby born.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the description of COVID-19 cases in pregnant women, the potential for vertical transmission, the presence or absence of nucleic acid SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, the effect of COVID-19 on fetal development, and the treatment of pregnant women with COVID-19.
METHOD: This study attempts to review and compare sources from research articles, case reports, and reviews from reputable international journals.
RESULT: Most cases of COVID-19 found in pregnant women are classified as mild cases, the presence of low vertical transmission is evidenced from the results of mother and baby sample tests, the lack of cases of spontaneous abortion, premature baby births, infant deaths, and developmental disorders. Breastfeeding from COVID-19 positive pregnant women is also quite safe given to infants because positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid are very low.
CONCLUSION: Based on a comprehensive study, COVID-19 in pregnant women so far is still quite under control. However, there needs to be a thorough test because each individual has different conditions from one another.
Keywords: COVID-19, fetus, pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, transmission
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